He momo rauemi polyurethane mahi-teitei ngā elastomers polyurethane. Nā ō rātou āhuatanga ā-tinana me ā-matū ahurei, me te mahi whānui tino pai, he tūranga nui tō rātou i roto i te ahumahi hou. E whakamahia whānuitia ana ēnei rauemi i roto i ngā mara hangahanga teitei, pērā i te rererangi, ngā motuka teitei, ngā mīhini tino tika, ngā taputapu hiko me ngā taputapu hauora, nā te mea he pai te ngāwari, te ātete ki te kakahu, te ātete ki te waikura me te ngāwari tukatuka. I te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau me te whakapai tonu i ngā whakaritenga mahi rauemi i roto i te ahumahi hangahanga, kua noho te hoahoa mahi-teitei o ngā elastomers polyurethane hei mea matua ki te whakarei ake i te uara tono. I roto i te ahumahi hangahanga teitei, kei te kaha haere ngā whakaritenga mahi mō ngā rauemi. Hei rauemi mahi-teitei, me tutuki te hoahoa me te tono o ngā elastomers polyurethane i ngā paerewa hangarau motuhake. He maha ngā wero e pā ana ki te tono o ngā elastomers polyurethane i roto i te hangahanga teitei, tae atu ki te whakahaere utu, te whakatinanatanga hangarau me te whakaae ki te mākete. Heoi, nā ōna painga mahi, he mea nui te mahi a ngā elastomers polyurethane ki te whakapai ake i te mahi me te whakataetae o ngā hua hangahanga. Mā te rangahau hōhonu mō ēnei mara tono, ka taea te tautoko i te arotautanga ake i te hoahoa rauemi me te whakawhānui ake i ngā tono.

 

Hoahoa mahi-teitei o ngā elastomers polyurethane

 

Ngā whakaritenga hanganga rauemi me te mahi

Ko ngā elastomer polyurethane he momo rauemi polymer he tino pai te mahi. E rua ngā wāhanga matua o ēnei: ​​te polyether me te isocyanate. He pānga nui te kōwhiringa me te ōwehenga o ēnei wāhanga ki te mahi o te rauemi whakamutunga. Ko te polyether te wāhanga ngohengohe matua o ngā elastomer polyurethane. Kei roto i tōna hanganga ngota ngā rōpū polyol, ka taea te whakarato i te ngāwari me te ngāwari pai. Ko te isocyanate, hei wāhanga matua o te wāhanga mārō, te kawenga mō te tauhohe ki te polyether hei hanga mekameka polyurethane, hei whakarei ake i te kaha me te ātete kakahu o te rauemi. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga matū me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o ngā momo polyether me ngā isocyanate. Nō reira, i roto i te hoahoa o ngā elastomer polyurethane, me whiriwhiri me te whakataurite i ēnei wāhanga kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga tono kia tutuki ai ngā tohu mahi e hiahiatia ana. Mō ngā whakaritenga mahi, me whai ngā elastomer polyurethane i ētahi āhuatanga matua: te ātete kakahu, te ngāwari, te ārai-pakeketanga, me ētahi atu. Ko te ātete kakahu e pā ana ki te mahi roa o te rauemi i raro i ngā āhuatanga waku me te kakahu. Ina koa ka whakamahia i roto i ngā taiao e mau ana te kiri, pērā i ngā pūnaha whakatārewatanga motuka me ngā taputapu ahumahi, ka taea e te ātete pai ki te kiri te whakaroa ake i te roa o te ora o te hua. Ko te ngāwari tetahi o ngā āhuatanga matua o ngā elastomers polyurethane. Ka whakatau mena ka taea e te rauemi te hoki wawe ki tōna āhua taketake i te wā e whakarerekētia ana te āhua me te whakaora. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā hiri me ngā ngongo ru. Ko te ārai-pakeketanga e pā ana ki te kaha o te rauemi ki te pupuri i tana mahi i muri i te whakamahinga roa, i te pānga rānei ki ngā taiao uaua (pērā i ngā hihi ultraviolet, te makuku, ngā huringa pāmahana, me ētahi atu), me te whakarite kia mau tonu te mahi pumau o te rauemi i roto i ngā tono mahi.

 

Ngā Rautaki Whakapai ake i te Hoahoa

He tukanga uaua, he tukanga ātaahua hoki te hoahoa mahi-teitei o ngā elastomers polyurethane e hiahia ana kia whakaaroarohia whānuitia ngā rautaki whakapai ake hoahoa maha. Ko te arotau i te hanganga ngota he taahiraa matua ki te whakapai ake i te mahi a te rauemi. Mā te whakarerekē i te hanganga mekameka ngota o te polyurethane, pērā i te whakanui ake i te tohu hononga whakawhiti, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha miihini me te ātete kakahu o te rauemi. Mā te whakanui ake i te tohu hononga whakawhiti ka taea te hanga i tētahi hanganga whatunga pumau ake i waenga i ngā mekameka ngota o te rauemi, ā, ka whakarei ake i tōna kaha me te roa whānui. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i ngā matū tauhohe polyisocyanate, mā te whakauru rānei i ngā kaihoko hononga whakawhiti, ka taea te whakanui ake i te tohu hononga whakawhiti, ā, ka taea te arotau i te mahi a te rauemi. He mea nui anō hoki te arotau i te ōwehenga wāhanga. Ka pā tika te ōwehenga o te polyether me te isocyanate ki te ngāwari, te pakeke me te ātete kakahu o te rauemi. I te nuinga o te wā, mā te whakanui ake i te ōwehenga o te isocyanate ka taea te whakanui ake i te pakeke me te ātete kakahu o te rauemi, engari ka whakaiti pea i tōna ngāwari. Nō reira, me whakarerekē tika te ōwehenga o ngā mea e rua kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga tono tuturu kia tutuki ai te taurite mahi pai rawa atu. Haunga te arotautanga o te hanganga ngota me te ōwehenga wāhanga, he pānga nui anō hoki te whakamahinga o ngā tāpiringa me ngā kaihoko whakapakari ki te mahi a te rauemi. Ka taea e ngā rauemi nano, pērā i te nano-silicon me te nano-waro, te whakapai ake i te mahi whānui o ngā elastomers polyurethane. Ka whakapai ake ngā rauemi nano i ngā āhuatanga miihini me te ātete taiao o ngā rauemi mā te whakanui ake i tō rātou kaha, te ātete kakahu me te ātete tawhito.

 

 

Whakapai ake i te tukanga whakarite

Ko te whakapai ake i te tukanga whakarite tētahi o ngā huarahi nui hei whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā elastomer polyurethane. He pānga nui ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau hanga polymer ki te whakarite i ngā elastomer polyurethane. Ka taea e ngā tikanga hanga polymer hou, pērā i te hanga werohanga tauhohenga (RIM) me te hangarau polymerization pēhanga-teitei, te whakatutuki i te whakahaere tika ake i te wā o te tukanga hanga, ā, mā te whakapai ake i te hanganga ngota me te mahi o te rauemi. Ka taea e te hangarau hanga werohanga tauhohenga te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputa me te whakatutuki i te ōritetanga me te ōritetanga o ngā rauemi i te wā o te tukanga hanga mā te whakaranu tere i te polyether me te isocyanate i raro i te pēhanga teitei me te werohanga ki roto i te pokepoke. Ka taea e te hangarau polymerization pēhanga-teitei te whakapai ake i te kiato me te kaha o te rauemi me te whakapai ake i tōna ātete kakahu me te ātete koroheketanga mā te whakahaere i ngā tauhohenga polymerization i raro i te pēhanga teitei. Ko te hangarau hanga me te tukatuka kua whakapai ake he mea nui hoki ki te whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā elastomer polyurethane. Kua whakakapia haeretia ngā tukanga hanga pēhi wera tuku iho e ngā hangarau hanga werohanga me te hanga extrusion matatau ake. Kāore e taea e ēnei tukanga hou te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputa, engari ka tutuki hoki te whakahaere tika ake i te wā o te tukanga hanga hei whakarite i te kounga me te mahi o te rauemi. Mā te hangarau whakakoi werohanga ka taea te whakakoi tika i ngā āhua uaua, me te whakaiti i te para o ngā rauemi mā te whakamahana i ngā rauemi mata polyurethane ki te āhua rewa, ka werohia ki roto i te pokepoke. Mā te hangarau whakakoi whakaputa ka whakamahana, ka panaia te rauemi polyurethane ki waho i te extruder, ka hangaia he rīpene rauemi, he ngongo rānei mā te whakamatao me te whakapakeke. He pai mō te whakaputa nui me te tukatuka ritenga.

 

Te whakamahinga o ngā elastomers polyurethane i roto i ngā mahi hangahanga teitei

 

Rererangi

I roto i te ao rererangi, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā elastomer polyurethane i roto i ngā wāhanga matua maha, pērā i ngā hiri me ngā mea whakangote wiri, nā te mea he tino pai te mahi. He tino uaua ngā whakaritenga a te umanga rererangi mō te mahi a ngā rauemi, tae atu ki te ātete pāmahana teitei, te ātete ngenge, te ātete waikura matū, te ātete kakahu, me ētahi atu. Nā te mahi pai o ngā elastomer polyurethane i roto i ēnei āhuatanga, koia tētahi o ngā rauemi tino nui i roto i te ao rererangi. Hei tauira, me pupuri e ngā hiri te hiri whai hua i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana me te pēhanga tino kino. He maha ngā wā ka pāngia te pūnaha wahie o ngā waka rererangi e te pāmahana teitei, te pēhanga teitei me ngā mea waikura. Nō reira, me ātete ngā hiri ki ngā pāmahana teitei, tae atu ki te waikura matū. He tino pai te ātete pāmahana teitei o ngā elastomer polyurethane, inā koa ko ngā polyurethane mahi-teitei kua whakamaroketia i ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, ka taea te tu atu ki ngā taiao mahi i runga ake i te 300°C. I taua wā anō, nā te tino ngāwari o ngā elastomer polyurethane ka taea e rātou te whakakī pai i ngā mata koretake me te whakarite i te pumau me te pono o ngā hiri i roto i te whakamahinga roa. Hei tauira, ko ngā hiri e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā waka rererangi me ngā teihana mokowhiti a NASA e whakamahi ana i ngā elastomers polyurethane, e whakaatu ana i te mahi hiri pai me te pakari i roto i ngā taiao tino kino. Ko tētahi atu ko ngā mimiti ru. I roto i te rererangi, ka whakamahia ngā mimiti ru hei whakaiti i te pānga o te wiri hanganga me te ru ki ngā wāhanga matua. He mea nui te mahi a ngā elastomers polyurethane i roto i ēnei tono. Nā te tino ngāwari me te kaha mimiti pūngao pai ka taea e rātou te ārai me te whakaiti i te ru me te ru, ā, mā reira ka tiakina te hanganga me ngā taputapu hiko o te rererangi.

 

 Ahumahi motuka teitei

I roto i te umanga motuka papai, kua noho te whakamahinga o ngā elastomers polyurethane hei mea matua hei whakapai ake i te mahi me te whakamarie o te waka. Nā te pai o te mahi whānui, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā elastomers polyurethane i roto i ngā wāhanga matua maha o ngā motuka, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha mimiti ru, ngā hiri, ngā wāhanga o roto, me ētahi atu. Hei tauira, ko ngā mimiti ru i roto i te pūnaha whakatārewatanga o ngā motuka papai, kua tino whakapai ake te whakamahinga o ngā elastomers polyurethane i te whakamarie taraiwa me te pumau o te waka. I roto i te pūnaha whakatārewatanga, ka mimiti pai ngā elastomers polyurethane i te pānga me te wiri i runga i te rori, ā, ka whakaiti i te rūrū o te tinana o te waka mā roto i ō rātou āhuatanga ngāwari me te mimiti ru. Mā te ngāwari pai o tēnei rauemi ka taea e te pūnaha whakatārewatanga o te waka te urupare tere i raro i ngā āhuatanga taraiwa rerekē, ā, ka whakarato i te wheako taraiwa maeneene ake, whakamarie ake hoki. Ina koa i roto i ngā tauira papai, ka taea e ngā mimiti ru mahi-teitei e whakamahi ana i ngā elastomers polyurethane te whakapai ake i te whakamarie o te ekenga me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō te wheako taraiwa kounga teitei. I roto i ngā motuka papai, ka pā tika te mahi o ngā hiri ki te whakamarumaru oro, te whakamarumaru wera me te mahi ā-wai o te waka. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā elastomers polyurethane i roto i ngā hiri mō ngā tatau me ngā matapihi o ngā motuka, ngā wāhanga miihini me ngā raro o ngā waka nā te mea he pai rawa te hiri me te ātete ki te huarere. Ka whakamahia e ngā kaihanga motuka papai ngā elastomers polyurethane hei hiri tatau hei whakapai ake i te ārai haruru o te waka me te whakaiti i te urunga mai o te haruru o waho.