Te whakaurunga o te kaihoko pahuka mō te pahuka mārō polyurethane e whakamahia ana i roto i te mara hangahanga
I te piki haere o ngā whakaritenga o ngā whare hou mō te penapena pūngao me te tiaki taiao, ka nui haere te hiranga o te mahi whakamahana o ngā rauemi hanga. I roto i ēnei, he rauemi whakamahana pai rawa atu te pahuka pakari polyurethane, he pai ngā āhuatanga miihini, he iti te kawe wera me ētahi atu painga, nō reira he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te mara o te whakamahana whare.
Ko te kaihopu huka tētahi o ngā tāpiringa matua i roto i te hanga pahuka mārō polyurethane. E ai ki tana tikanga mahi, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā wāhanga e rua: te kaihopu huka matū me te kaihopu huka ā-tinana.
Te whakarōpūtanga o ngā kaihoko pahuka
Ko te matū pahuka he tāpiringa e whakaputa ana i te hau, ā, e pahuka ana i ngā rauemi polyurethane i te wā e tauhohe ana ngā isocyanates me ngā polyols. Ko te wai te tohu o te matū pahuka, e tauhohe ana ki te wāhanga isocyanate hei hanga hau waro hauhā, kia pahuka ai te rauemi polyurethane. Ko te matū pahuka ā-tinana he tāpiringa e tāpirihia ana i roto i te tukanga whakaputa pahuka mārō polyurethane, e pahuka ana i ngā rauemi polyurethane mā te mahi ā-tinana o te hau. Ko ngā matū pahuka ā-tinana he matū waro iti te kohua, pērā i ngā matū hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) me ngā matū alkane (HC).
Te tukanga whakawhanake okaihoko pahukaI tīmata i te mutunga o te tekau tau atu i 1950, i whakamahia e te kamupene DuPont te trichloro-fluoromethane (CFC-11) hei kaihoko pahuka mārō polyurethane, ā, i pai ake te mahi a te hua, mai i taua wā kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o te CFC-11 i roto i te mara o te pahuka mārō polyurethane. Nā te mea i kino te paparanga ozone i te CFC-11, i mutu te whakamahi a ngā whenua o Ūropi ki te Hauāuru i te CFC-11 i te mutunga o te tau 1994, ā, i aukatia hoki e Haina te hanga me te whakamahi i te CFC-11 i te tau 2007. Nō muri mai, i aukatia e te Hononga o Amerika me Ūropi te whakamahinga o te HCFC-141b hei whakakapinga mō te CFC-11 i te tau 2003 me te 2004. I te mea ka piki haere te mōhiotanga ki te taiao, kei te tīmata ngā whenua ki te whakawhanake me te whakamahi i ngā huarahi kē atu me te iti o te kaha ki te whakamahana ā-ao (GWP).
I mua, ko ngā kaihoko pahuka momo-HFC he whakakapinga mō te CFC-11 me te HCFC-141b, engari he teitei tonu te uara GWP o ngā matū momo-HFC, kāore i te pai mō te tiaki taiao. Nō reira, i ngā tau tata nei, kua neke te arotahi whanaketanga o ngā kaihoko pahuka i roto i te rāngai hanga ki ngā huarahi kē atu he iti te GWP.
Ngā painga me ngā huakore o ngā kaihoko pahuka
Hei momo rauemi whakamarumaru, he maha ngā painga o te pahuka mārō polyurethane, pērā i te mahi whakamarumaru wera pai rawa atu, te kaha miihini pai, te mahi mimiti harore pai, te roa o te ora ratonga pumau me ētahi atu.
Hei āwhina nui i roto i te whakarite i te pahuka mārō polyurethane, he pānga nui tō te kaihoko pahuka ki te mahi, te utu me te tiaki taiao o ngā rauemi whakamahana wera. Ko ngā painga o te kaihoko pahuka matū ko te tere o te pahuka, te pahuka ōrite, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te whānuitanga o te pāmahana me te haumākū, ka taea te whiwhi i te tere pahuka teitei, kia taea ai te whakarite i te pahuka mārō polyurethane mahi teitei.
Heoi, ka taea e ngā matū pahuka te whakaputa i ngā hau kino, pērā i te hauhā waro, te hauhā waro me ngā waikura hauota, ka whakapoke i te taiao. Ko te painga o te matū pahuka tūturu, kāore e whakaputa i ngā hau kino, he iti noa te pānga ki te taiao, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaputa i te rahi o te mirumiru me te mahi whakamahana pai ake. Heoi, he puhoi te tere o te pahuka o ngā matū pahuka tūturu, ā, me teitei ake te pāmahana me te haumākū kia pai ai te mahi.
Hei momo rauemi whakamarumaru, he maha ngā painga o te pahuka mārō polyurethane, pērā i te mahi whakamarumaru wera pai rawa atu, te kaha miihini pai, te mahi mimiti harore pai, te roa o te ora ratonga pumau me ētahi atu.
Hei āwhina nui i roto i te whakarite opahuka mārō polyurethane, he pānga nui tō te kaihoko pahuka ki te mahi, te utu me te tiaki taiao o ngā rauemi whakamahana wera. Ko ngā painga o te kaihoko pahuka matū ko te tere o te pahuka, te pahuka ōrite, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te whānuitanga o te pāmahana me te haumākū, ka taea te whiwhi i te tere pahuka teitei, kia taea ai te hanga pahuka mārō polyurethane mahi teitei.
Heoi, ka taea e ngā matū pahuka te whakaputa i ngā hau kino, pērā i te hauhā waro, te hauhā waro me ngā waikura hauota, ka whakapoke i te taiao. Ko te painga o te matū pahuka tūturu, kāore e whakaputa i ngā hau kino, he iti noa te pānga ki te taiao, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaputa i te rahi o te mirumiru me te mahi whakamahana pai ake. Heoi, he puhoi te tere o te pahuka o ngā matū pahuka tūturu, ā, me teitei ake te pāmahana me te haumākū kia pai ai te mahi.
Te au whanaketanga ā muri ake nei
Ko te ia o ngā kaipatu pahuka i roto i te umanga hanga whare ā muri ake nei ko te whanaketanga o ngā whakakapinga iti te GWP. Hei tauira, ko te CO2, te HFO, me ngā whakakapinga wai, he iti te GWP, kāore he ODP, me ētahi atu mahi taiao, kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te hanga pahuka mārō polyurethane. Hei tāpiri, i te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau rauemi whakamarumaru whare, ka nui ake te mahi pai o te kaipatu pahuka, pērā i te mahi whakamarumaru pai ake, te tere pahuka teitei ake, me te rahi mirumiru iti ake.
I ngā tau tata nei, kua kaha te rapu me te whakawhanake a ngā umanga matū organofluorine o roto me tāwāhi i ngā kaihoko pahuka ā-tinana hou kei roto te fluorine, tae atu ki ngā kaihoko pahuka olefin fluorinated (HFO), e kiia nei ko ngā kaihoko pahuka o te whakatupuranga tuawhā, ā, he kaihoko pahuka ā-tinana me te kawe wera pai o te hau me ngā painga taiao.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-21-2024