I hangaia he momo piripiri polyurethane hou mā te whakamahi i ngā polyacids ngota iti me ngā polyol ngota iti hei rauemi mata mō te hanga i ngā prepolymer. I te wā o te tukanga toronga mekameka, i whakaurua ngā polymer peka nui me ngā trimer HDI ki roto i te hanganga polyurethane. E whakaatu ana ngā hua whakamātautau he pai te matotoru o te piripiri i hangaia i roto i tēnei rangahau, he roa te ora o te kōpae piripiri, ka taea te whakamaroke wawe i te pāmahana rūma, ā, he pai ngā āhuatanga here, he kaha hiri wera me te pumau wera.

He pai ngā painga o te takai ngāwari hiato, arā, he ātaahua te āhua, he whānui te whānuitanga o te whakamahinga, he watea te kawe, ā, he iti te utu mō te takai. Mai i tōna whakaurunga mai, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te kai, te rongoā, ngā matū o ia rā, ngā hikohiko me ētahi atu ahumahi, ā, e tino arohaina ana e ngā kaihoko. Kāore te mahi a te takai ngāwari hiato e pā ana ki te rauemi kiriata anake, engari e whakawhirinaki ana hoki ki te mahi a te piri hiato. He maha ngā painga o te piri polyurethane pērā i te kaha o te piri, te kaha ki te whakarerekē, me te akuaku me te haumaru. Koinei te piri tautoko matua mō te takai ngāwari hiato, ā, ko te arotahi rangahau tēnei a ngā kaihanga piri nui.

He tukanga tino nui te pakeketanga pāmahana teitei i roto i te whakarite i ngā takai ngāwari. I runga i ngā whāinga kaupapa here ā-motu o te "tihi waro" me te "kore waro", kua noho te tiaki taiao matomato, te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro-iti, me te whai huatanga teitei me te penapena pūngao hei whāinga whanaketanga mō ngā āhuatanga katoa o te ao. He pānga pai te pāmahana pakeketanga me te wā pakeketanga ki te kaha o te kiri o te kiriata hiato. I roto i te ariā, ko te teitei ake o te pāmahana pakeketanga me te roa ake o te wā pakeketanga, ko te teitei ake o te tere otinga tauhohenga me te pai ake o te pānga whakamaroke. I roto i te tukanga tono whakaputa tuturu, ki te taea te whakaiti i te pāmahana pakeketanga me te whakapoto i te wā pakeketanga, he pai ake te kore e hiahiatia te pakeketanga, ā, ka taea te tapahi me te tākai i muri i te whakaweto o te mīhini. Ehara i te mea ka taea anake te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga o te tiaki taiao matomato me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro-iti, engari ka taea hoki te penapena i ngā utu whakaputa me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga whakaputa.

Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he hanga i tētahi momo piripiri polyurethane hou he matotoru, he roa hoki te ora mō te kōpae piripiri i te wā e hangaia ana, e whakamahia ana hoki, ka tere te whakamaroke i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana iti, pai ake mēnā kāore he pāmahana teitei, ā, kāore e pā ki te mahi a ngā momo tohu o te takai ngāwari hiato.

1.1 Ngā rauemi whakamātautau Waikawa adipic, waikawa sebacic, ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, TDI, HDI trimer, polymer hyperbranched i hangaia i te taiwhanga, ethyl acetate, kiriata polyethylene (PE), kiriata polyester (PET), pepa konumohe (AL).
1.2 Ngā taputapu whakamātautau Oumu whakamaroke hau pāmahana pumau hiko papamahi: DHG-9203A, Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.; Ine matao hurihuri: NDJ-79, Shanghai Renhe Keyi Co., Ltd.; Mīhini whakamātautau kume whānui: XLW, Labthink; Kaitātari Thermogravimetric: TG209, NETZSCH, Tiamana; Kaiwhakamātautau hiri wera: SKZ1017A, Jinan Qingqiang Electromechanical Co., Ltd.
1.3 Tikanga whakahiato
1) Te whakarite i te prepolymer: Whakamarokehia te pounamu kaki-whā kia tino maroke, ka tukuna te N2 ki roto, kātahi ka tāpirihia te polyol ngota iti me te polyacid inehia ki roto i te pounamu kaki-whā, ka tīmata te whakaoho. Ina tae te pāmahana ki te pāmahana kua whakaritea, ā, kua tata te putanga wai ki te putanga wai matapae, tangohia he tauira hei whakamātautau i te uara waikawa. Ina ≤20 mg/g te uara waikawa, tīmata te taahiraa e whai ake nei o te tauhohenga; tāpirihia he inenga whakakorikori 100×10-6, honoa te paipa hiku korehau ka tīmata te papu korehau, whakahaeretia te tere putanga waipiro mā te nekehanga korehau, ina tata te putanga waipiro tuturu ki te putanga waipiro matapae, tangohia he tauira hei whakamātautau i te uara hydroxyl, ka whakamutua te tauhohenga ina tutuki te uara hydroxyl i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa. Kua tākaihia te prepolymer polyurethane kua whiwhi hei whakamahi tūmatanui.
2) Te whakarite i te piri polyurethane whakarewa: Tāpirihia te prepolymer polyurethane ine me te ethyl ester ki roto i tētahi pounamu kaki-whā, whakamahanahia, whakaohokia kia marara ōrite, kātahi ka tāpirihia te TDI ine ki roto i te pounamu kaki-whā, waiho kia mahana mō te 1.0 hāora, kātahi ka tāpirihia te polymer peka-rahi i hangaia ki te taiwhanga, ā, haere tonu te tauhohe mō te 2.0 hāora, tāpirihia mārire te trimer HDI ki roto i te pounamu kaki-whā, waiho kia mahana mō te 2.0 hāora, tangohia ngā tauira hei whakamātautau i te ihirangi NCO, whakamataohia, ā, tukuna ngā rauemi hei tākai i muri i te whakamātau i te ihirangi NCO.
3) Whakakirikiri maroke: Whakaranua te etilasetāte, te kaihoko matua me te kaihoko whakaora i roto i tētahi ōwehenga, ka whakaohokia kia ōrite, kātahi ka pania, ka takaia ngā tauira ki runga i tētahi mīhini whakakirikiri maroke.

1.4 Te Whakamātautau i te Āhuatanga
1) Matatini: Whakamahia he mita matatini hurihuri, tirohia te tikanga whakamātautau GB/T 2794-1995 mō te matatini o ngā piripiri;
2) Kaha kiri-T: i whakamatautauria mā te whakamahi i tētahi mīhini whakamātautau kume ao, e pā ana ki te tikanga whakamātautau kaha kiri GB/T 8808-1998;
3) Te kaha o te hiri wera: whakamahia he taputapu whakamātautau hiri wera hei mahi i te hiri wera, kātahi ka whakamahia he mīhini whakamātautau kume ao hei whakamātautau, tirohia te tikanga whakamātautau kaha o te hiri wera GB/T 22638.7-2016;
4) Tātaritanga wera-moka (TGA): I whakahaerehia te whakamātautau mā te whakamahi i tētahi tātaritanga wera-moka me te tere whakamahana o te 10 ℃/min me te awhe pāmahana whakamātautau o te 50 ki te 600 ℃.

2.1 Ngā Huringa o te Matotoru i te Wā Tauhohenga o te Ranu Ko te matotoru o te piripiri me te roa o te ora o te kōpae rapa he tohu nui i roto i te tukanga whakaputa hua. Mena he nui rawa te matotoru o te piripiri, ka nui rawa te nui o te piripiri e pania ana, ka pā ki te āhua me te utu paninga o te kiriata whakakotahi; ki te iti rawa te matotoru, ka iti rawa te nui o te piripiri e pania ana, ā, kāore e taea te uru pai ki te waituhi, ka pā hoki ki te āhua me te mahi piri o te kiriata whakakotahi. Mena he poto rawa te roa o te ora o te kōpae rapa, ka tere rawa te piki o te matotoru o te piripiri e rongoa ana i roto i te tāke piripiri, ā, kāore e taea te pani maeneene i te piripiri, ā, kāore e ngāwari te horoi i te roera rapa; ki te roa rawa te ora o te kōpae rapa, ka pā ki te āhua piri tuatahi me te mahi piri o te rauemi whakakotahi, ā, ka pā ki te tere whakaora, ka pā ki te pai o te whakaputanga o te hua.

Ko te whakahaere tika i te matotoru me te roa o te ora o te kōpae piri he mea nui mō te whakamahinga pai o ngā piri. E ai ki ngā wheako whakaputa, ka whakatikatikaina te matū matua, te ethyl acetate me te matū whakamaroke ki te uara R me te matotoru e tika ana, ā, ka hurihia te piri ki roto i te tāke piri me te roera rapa me te kore e tāpirihia he kāpia ki te kiriata. Ka tangohia ngā tauira piri i ngā wā rerekē hei whakamātautau i te matotoru. Ko te matotoru e tika ana, te roa o te ora o te kōpae piri, me te whakamaroke tere i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana iti he whāinga nui e whaia ana e ngā piri polyurethane whakarewa i te wā whakaputa me te whakamahinga.

2.2 Te pānga o te pāmahana koroheketanga ki te kaha o te kiri Ko te tukanga koroheketanga te tukanga tino nui, te roa, te kaha, me te wāhi nui mō te takai ngāwari. Ehara i te mea ka pā ki te tere whakaputa o te hua anake, engari he mea nui ake, ka pā ki te āhua me te mahi piri o te takai ngāwari hiato. I te aroaro o ngā whāinga a te kāwanatanga mō te "tīmatanga waro" me te "kore waro" me te whakataetae mākete nui, ko te koroheketanga pāmahana iti me te whakamaroke tere he huarahi whai hua ki te whakatutuki i te iti o te whakamahinga pūngao, te whakaputa matomato me te whakaputa whai hua.

I pakekehia te kiriata hiato PET/AL/PE i te pāmahana rūma, ā, i te 40, 50, me te 60 ℃. I te pāmahana rūma, i noho pumau te kaha kiri o te hanganga hiato AL/PE o roto i muri i te pakeketanga mō te 12 hāora, ā, kua oti te whakamaroke; i te pāmahana rūma, i noho pumau te kaha kiri o te hanganga hiato arai-teitei PET/AL o waho i muri i te pakeketanga mō te 12 hāora, e tohu ana ka pā te rauemi kiriata arai-teitei ki te whakamaroke o te piri polyurethane; i te whakataurite i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana whakamaroke o te 40, 50, me te 60 ℃, kāore he rerekētanga kitea i roto i te tere whakamaroke.

Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā piri polyurethane whakarewa matua o te mākete o nāianei, ko te wā pakeketanga pāmahana teitei he 48 hāora, he roa ake rānei. Ka taea e te piri polyurethane i roto i tēnei rangahau te whakaoti i te whakamaroketanga o te hanganga ārai-teitei i roto i te 12 hāora i te pāmahana rūma. Ko te mahi a te piri kua whakawhanakehia ko te whakamaroke tere. Mā te whakaurunga o ngā polymer peka-rahi i hangaia i te kāinga me ngā isocyanate maha-mahi ki roto i te piri, ahakoa te hanganga hiato o te paparanga o waho, te hanganga hiato o te paparanga o roto rānei, kāore te kaha kiri i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana rūma e tino rerekē ana i te kaha kiri i raro i ngā āhuatanga pakeketanga pāmahana teitei, e tohu ana kāore te piri kua whakawhanakehia i te mahi whakamaroke tere anake, engari he mahi whakamaroke tere hoki me te kore pāmahana teitei.

2.3 Te pānga o te pāmahana tawhito ki te kaha o te hiri wera He maha ngā āhuatanga o te hiri wera o ngā rauemi me te pānga o te hiri wera tuturu e pāngia ana e te maha o ngā āhuatanga, pērā i te taputapu hiri wera, ngā tawhā mahi ā-tinana me te matū o te rauemi tonu, te wā hiri wera, te pēhanga hiri wera me te pāmahana hiri wera, me ētahi atu. E ai ki ngā hiahia me ngā wheako tuturu, ka whakaritea he tukanga me ngā tawhā hiri wera e tika ana, ā, ka whakahaerehia te whakamātautau kaha hiri wera o te kiriata hiato i muri i te whakaranu.

Ina tangohia te kiriata whakakotahi mai i te mīhini, he iti noa te kaha o te hiri wera, 17 N/(15 mm) noa iho. I tēnei wā, kua tīmata te whakapiripiri ki te totoka, ā, kāore e taea te whakarato i te kaha here e ranea ana. Ko te kaha i whakamatautauria i tēnei wā ko te kaha hiri wera o te kiriata PE; i te pikinga o te wā pakeketanga, ka piki tere te kaha hiri wera. Ko te kaha hiri wera i muri i te pakeketanga mō ngā hāora 12 he rite tonu ki tērā i muri i ngā hāora 24 me te 48, e tohu ana kua oti te whakamaroke i roto i ngā hāora 12, e whakarato ana i te here e ranea ana mō ngā kiriata rerekē, ka hua ake te kaha hiri wera. Mai i te pihi huringa o te kaha hiri wera i ngā pāmahana rerekē, ka kitea i raro i ngā āhuatanga wā pakeketanga ōrite, kāore he rerekētanga nui o te kaha hiri wera i waenga i te pakeketanga pāmahana rūma me ngā āhuatanga 40, 50, me te 60 ℃. Mā te pakeketanga i te pāmahana rūma ka taea te whakatutuki i te hua o te pakeketanga pāmahana teitei. He pai te kaha hiri wera o te hanganga takai ngāwari i hangaia ki tēnei piripiri kua whakawhanakehia i raro i ngā āhuatanga pakeketanga pāmahana teitei.

2.4 Te pumau wera o te kiriata kua whakamatao I te wā e whakamahia ana te takai ngāwari, me hiri te wera me te hanga putea. Haunga te pumau wera o te rauemi kiriata tonu, ko te pumau wera o te kiriata polyurethane kua whakamatao te mea e whakatau ana i te mahi me te āhua o te hua takai ngāwari kua oti. Ka whakamahia e tēnei rangahau te tikanga tātari taumaha wera (TGA) hei tātari i te pumau wera o te kiriata polyurethane kua whakamatao.

E rua ngā tihi whakaheke taumaha o te kiriata polyurethane kua rongoatia i te pāmahana whakamātautau, e rite ana ki te pirau wera o te wāhanga mārō me te wāhanga ngohengohe. He teitei te pāmahana pirau wera o te wāhanga ngohengohe, ā, ka tīmata te hekenga taumaha wera i te 264°C. I tēnei pāmahana, ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga pāmahana o te tukanga hiri wera takai ngohengohe o nāianei, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga pāmahana o te hanga takai aunoa, te whakakī rānei, te kawe ipu tawhiti, me te tukanga whakamahinga; he teitei ake te pāmahana pirau wera o te wāhanga mārō, tae atu ki te 347°C. He pai te pumau wera o te piripiri kore-whakaora pāmahana teitei kua whakawhanakehia. Kua piki ake te ranunga uku AC-13 me te para maitai mā te 2.1%.

3) Ina eke te nui o te paru maitai ki te 100%, arā, ina whakakapia katoatia te kōhatu kōhatu e te rahi matūriki kotahi o te 4.75 ki te 9.5 mm, ko te uara pumau toenga o te ranunga uku he 85.6%, he 0.5% teitei ake i te ranunga uku AC-13 kāore he paru maitai; ko te ōwehenga kaha wehewehe he 80.8%, he 0.5% teitei ake i te ranunga uku AC-13 kāore he paru maitai. Mā te tāpiri i te nui tika o te paru maitai ka taea te whakapai ake i te pumau toenga me te ōwehenga kaha wehewehe o te ranunga uku uku paru maitai AC-13, ā, ka taea hoki te whakapai ake i te pumau wai o te ranunga uku.

1) I raro i ngā tikanga whakamahinga noa, ko te matotoru tuatahi o te piripiri polyurethane whakarewa i hangaia mā te whakauru i ngā polymer hyperbranched hanga-kāinga me ngā polyisocyanates maha-mahi he tata ki te 1500mPa·s, he matotoru pai; ka eke te roa o te ora o te kōpae piripiri ki te 60 meneti, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga wā mahi a ngā kamupene takai ngāwari i roto i te tukanga whakaputa.

2) Ka kitea i te kaha o te kiri me te kaha o te hiri wera ka taea e te piripiri kua oti te whakarite te whakapakeke tere i te pāmahana rūma. Kāore he rerekētanga nui i te tere whakapakeke i te pāmahana rūma me te 40, 50, me te 60 ℃, ā, kāore he rerekētanga nui i te kaha piri. Ka taea te whakapakeke katoa i tēnei piripiri me te kore he pāmahana teitei, ā, ka taea te whakapakeke tere.

3) E whakaatu ana te tātaritanga TGA he pai te pumau o te piripiri ki te pāmahana, ā, ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga pāmahana i te wā e hangaia ana, e kawe ana, e whakamahi ana hoki.