E whakamārama ana ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei i te whanaketanga viscoelastic o te pahuka polyurethane i ia wāhanga, i ia wāhanga, me te whakakotahi i ngā tikanga tauhohenga, ngā āhuatanga ka kitea, me ngā whakaaro whakaputa mahi.

1. Ngā Ariā Taketake

1. Te matotoru

Ko te matotoru te ātete o te rauemi ki te rere, ā, e whakaata ana i tōna āhua matotoru. Ko te matotoru teitei ake te tikanga he ngoikore te rere.

2. Te ngāwari

Ko te ngāwari e pā ana ki te kaha o te rauemi ki te whakahoki mai i tōna āhua taketake i muri i te whakarerekētanga. Ko te ngāwari nui ake ka pai ake te ātete ki te whakarerekētanga me te hinga o te pahuka.

3. Te Pūwāhi Kirikiri

Ko te pūwāhi tio te whakawhiti matua e huri ai te pūnaha mai i te wai rere ki te whatunga totoka kore rere. Koinei te pūwāhi wehewehe nui rawa atu i roto i te tukanga pahuka.

4. Te Auahatanga Whānui

I te roanga o te pahuka, ka piki haere tonu te matotoru, ā, ka whanake haere te ngāwari mai i te ngoikore rawa ki te kaha. I muri i te whakakīkī, ka noho te ngāwari hei āhuatanga matua o te pūnaha.

2. Te Whanaketanga Viscoelastic mā te Wāhanga Huka

Wāhanga 1: Wāhanga Whakaranu Tuatahi (Wā Whakaoho i mua i te Wā Kirīmi)

Kāwanatanga

Kua whakaranua te polyol, te isocyanate, me ngā tāpiringa. Ka puhoi te haere o ngā tauhohenga matū, he iti noa te whakaputanga hau, ā, ka noho tonu te pūnaha hei wai ōrite.

Ngā Āhuatanga Viscoelastic

• He iti te matotoru, ā, he tino pai te rere o te wai.
• Kāore rawa he ngāwari.
• I raro i te kaha o waho, ka rere noa te rauemi, ā, kāore e taea te whakakore i tōna āhua rerekētanga.

Te Take o te Huringa

Kāore anō kia hanga he hononga whakawhiti nui i waenganui i ngā mekameka ngota. Kei te iti tonu te tere o te tauhohenga NCO–OH, ā, kāore anō kia whakatūria he whatunga pūmua.

Tirohanga Whakaputa

He mārama te āhua o te ranunga, he paku miraka rānei, ā, he rere noa iho.

Wāhanga 2: Wāhanga Kirīmi (Tīmatanga Huka)

Kāwanatanga

Ka tere ake ngā tere tauhohenga. Ka tauhohe te wai ki te isocyanate ka puta he nui o te CO₂. Ka huri te pūnaha ki te mā, ka puta he mirumiru iti, ā, ka tīmata te horapa tuatahi.

Ngā Āhuatanga Viscoelastic

• Ka tere te piki o te matotoru i te hanganga o ngā oligomer me ngā mekameka ngota roa ake.
• Ka tīmata te ngoikore o te ngāwari nā te hanganga o ngā hononga mekameka tuatahi.
• Ko te nuinga o te pūnaha he matotoru tonu, ā, ka rere tonu, ka totoro hoki.

Āhuatanga Matua

Ka puta tonu, ka tipu haere ngā mirumiru. Ko te nuinga o te pūnaha ka whakawhirinaki ki tōna matotoru hei ārai i ngā mirumiru hau me te ārai i te putanga o te hau.

Wāhanga 3: Wāhanga Whakaara (Wā Whakahuka Kaha i mua i te Whakakī)

Kāwanatanga

Ka eke te tere o te tauhohenga ki tōna taumata teitei. He nui te hau e puta mai ana, ka tere te horapa o te pahuka, ā, ka tere te tipu o ngā pūtau. Koinei te wāhanga tino nui mō te hanganga o te pahuka.

Ngā Āhuatanga Viscoelastic

• Kei te piki haere tonu te matotoru.
• Ka tino heke te rere o te wai.
• Ka kaha ake ngā tauhohenga honohono, ka tere ake te pikinga o te ngāwari.
• Ka tino kitea te whanonga viscoelastic, ka neke haere ki te mana tino pīngore.
• Ka whakawhanakehia e te rauemi te kaha kume me te ātete ki te hinga.

Ina totorohia, ka piro te āhua o te pahuka engari ka hoki anō tetahi wāhanga ina tangohia te kaha. Ka noho pumau tonu ngā mirumiru e tipu haere ana i roto i te anga.

Ngā Pānga o te Tukanga

• Ki te kore e ranea te ngāwari, ā, ko te matotoru te nuinga, ka pakaru, ka hanumi, ka hinga rānei ngā mirumiru.
• Ki te tere rawa te whanake o te ngāwari, ki te kaha rawa rānei, ka whakawhāitihia te whānui o te pahuka, ā, ka nui ake te mātotoru whakamutunga.

Wāhanga 4: Te Pūwāhi Kirikiri (Wāhanga Whakawhiti Hiranga)

Kāwanatanga

Kua whakatūria he whatunga hononga-toru-ahu. Ka taurite te pahuka me te whakapūkara, ā, koinei te wāhi tino nui o te tukanga katoa.

Te Hurihanga Viscoelastic

• Ka ngaro te kaha o te pūnaha ki te rere.
• E tata ana te matotoru āhua ki te mutunga kore.
• Ka noho te ngāwari hei āhuatanga matua.
• Ka tere te pīngore o te āhua i te nuinga o te wā, ka ora ake i muri i te pēhanga, i te totoro rānei.
• Ka pumau tonu ngā hanganga pūtau i te mea ka totoka ngā pakitara pūtau.

Te Hiranga o te Whakaputa

• Mā te wawe rawa o te whakapūkara ka kore e oti te whakapūkara, ka nui rawa hoki te pahuka.
• Ki te tōmuri rawa te whakapūkara, ka ngaro pea te hau, ka mimiti te pahuka, ka hinga hoki.

Wāhanga 5: Wāhanga Whakamaroke me te Whakapūmau (Whai muri i te Whakakī)

Kāwanatanga

Ka haere tonu te tauhohe a ngā rōpū tauhohe e toe ana, ka whakakaha ake i te whatunga honohono. Ka mutu te horapa o te pahuka, ā, ka mārō haere te rauemi.

Ngā Āhuatanga Viscoelastic

• Kei te piki haere tonu te mātotoru o ngā hononga whakawhiti.
• Ka piki haere te pakari.
• Ka whakapūmau te ngāwari.

Mō te pahuka ngāwari:

• Ka mau tonu te ngāwari teitei.
• Ka mau tonu te manawanui me te pakari pai.

Mō te pahuka mārō:

• Ka heke te ngāwari.
• Ka huri te rauemi ki te āhua totoka mārō.
• Ka nui ake te kirihou o te āhua rerekē i te pīrahi.

Ka puta ngā ahotea ā-roto e toe ana i te tīmatanga, engari ka tukuna mārire i te wā e whakapakeke ana, kia tau ai ngā āhuatanga viscoelastic.

Ngā Huringa o Muri Mai

Kia rawaka te māro i ngā āhuatanga taiao, ka tino oti te hononga whakawhiti, ā, ka noho pumau tonu ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha me te ātete-waikawa.

3. Ngā Take Matua e Pā Ana ki te Whanoke Viscoelastic

1. Ngā Whakakōkī (Te Take Whakahaere Tino Hira)

Ngā Whakakōkī Pupuhi

• Whakateretere i te whakaputanga hau.
• Whakatairanga i te whanaketanga wawe o te matotoru.
• Me tere ake te whakawhānui o te pahuka.

Ngā Whakakōkī Kiri

• Whakatereterehia ngā tauhohenga hononga whakawhiti.
• Whakatūria te whatunga ngāwari i mua i te wā.
• Whakapotohia te wā whakamahi i te kirimi.

Tauritekore o te Whakakōkī

Ka whakararuraru te taurite kore i waenga i te pupuhi me ngā whakakorikori ira i te ōritenga o te huka me te whakakorikori, ka whakapēkē i te āhua viscoelastic, ā, ka hinga pea te huka, ka mimiti, ka taratara rānei ngā hanganga pūtau.

2. Te Pāmahana o ngā Rauemi Mata

Te pāmahana teitei ake

• Ka whakateretere i ngā tere tauhohenga whānui.
• Ka whakanui ake i te tere o te whanaketanga o te matotoru me te ngāwari.
• Ka wawe te whakapūkara.

Te pāmahana iti iho

• Ka whakaroa i ngā tere tauhohenga.
• Ka hua ake he pikinga āta haere o ngā āhuatanga viscoelastic.
• Ka whakaroa i te whakarewatanga, ka whakanui hoki i te mōrearea o te ngaronga hau.

3. Taupū NCO (Taupū Isocyanate)

Teitei o te Tāurangi NCO

• Ka whakatairanga i te hononga whakawhiti kaha ake.
• Ka tere ake te whakanui ake i te ngāwari me te pakari.
• Ka puta he pahuka pakarukaru ake.

Taupū NCO iti

• Ka hua ake he koretake o te hononga whakawhiti.
• Ka ngoikore ake te ngāwari, ka nui ake te matotoru toenga.
• Ka whakaputa i te pahuka ngohengohe, he nui ake te rerekētanga, ā, he ngoikore te whakaora.

4. Ngā Kaihoroi me ngā Whakakī

Ngā Kaihoroi Hiraka

• Whakapai ake i te whakahaere i te kumenga ā-kanohi.
• Whakatairangahia te tohatoha ōrite o te viscoelastic puta noa i te pahuka.
• Ārai i ngā hanganga pūtau kāore i te ōrite i puta mai i ngā rerekētanga matotoru ā-rohe, i te ngāwari rānei.

Ngā Whakakī Kore-Pararopi

• Whakanuia te matotoru tuatahi o te pūnaha.
• Whakaitihia te ngāwari.
• Me whakapakari te hanganga o te pahuka i te katoa.

5. Hanganga Polyol

Ngā Polyol Mahi-Tiketike

• Kia māmā ake te hanga i ngā whatunga honohono matotoru.
• Whakanuia tere te ngāwari me te pakari.

Ngā Polyols Taumaha-Ngota-Teitei, Mekameka-Roa

• Whakaputaina he tukanga honohono mārire ake.
• Whakaputahia he whanonga ngāwari ake.
• Kia mau tonu te matotoru mō te wā roa.
• He āhuatanga mō ngā hanganga pahuka ngāwari.

4. Whakarāpopototanga: Te Auahatanga Whānui o te Viscoelastic puta noa i te Huka

Ko te tikanga, ko te tukanga pahuka katoa he panonitanga rheological e whanake ai te pūnaha mai i tewai matotoru noa ihoki roto i tētahiwhatunga elastomeric hononga-toru-ahu.

Ko te taurite i waenganui ite whakawhānui me te whakapūmau i te pahuka, e whakaatahia ana e ngā āhuatanga viscoelastic e huri haere ana o te pūnaha, e whakatau tika ana i te hanganga pahuka whakamutunga, te pumau o ngā āhuatanga, me te kounga hua whānui.